高筋面粉:(Bread Flour,Strong Flour)
在上海:在国内至少在上海,不太容易找到高低粉。超市大卖场的家用面粉名称很多,但是不统一。例如:富强粉,特技一等粉,精制粉,特技精制粉等等。袋子上只写合适饺子,面条或者馒头,没有标示面粉筋度与蛋白质含量。大家可能难以从外观上判断筋度。事实上,这些面粉应该都是属于中筋粉,上海贵州路83 号的食品一店调味品柜台有卖高低粉。在大型百货公司的楼下超市应该也能找到,那里进口的东西比较多。
在美国:(Bread flour , strong flour )
一般超市都有售。通常是 纸袋包装。每包大约5 磅左右。名字叫bread flour 或者 Flour for bread ,放在Baking Needs的货架上很容易找到。
在英国:(名字叫bread flour)
任何大型超级市场都有售。如:Asda , Tesco .Morrisons 和 Sainsbury。 如购买其超市出品的面粉,比其他著名的品牌便宜。大约是19 至40 P(英镑)/1 kg 至1.5 kg
在法国:( farine de boulangerie ,farine supreme)
以Francine 牌子为例,Farine supreme 的蛋白质含量每100g 有10.7 g .合适做派,pizza ,brioche 等。
在德国:( Nr.550)
一般超市都有。德国的面粉种类是按标号区别的。550 号的面粉筋度较高。比较合适烘制面包。
在日本:(强力粉)
相对中筋面粉,蛋白质含量较高的面粉大约含量是: 每30g 面粉中含有4 g 的蛋白质。如果没有特别著明高筋面粉,可以查看包装上的营养成分表。通常就能判断该面粉筋度的高低。因为蛋白质含量高,所以产生的筋度也较大,常被用来制作具有弹性与嚼感的面包,面条等(水饺皮可以用中高筋混合用。也可以全用高粉。假如不易取得,可以在中筋面粉里加入面筋粉(小麦蛋白/wheat gluten ) 来提高筋性。
低筋面粉:Cake Flour, Weak Flour, Soft Flour .
在上海:(低筋面粉)
在香港:(叫做栗粉,鹰栗粉,豆粉)
在美国:(Cake flour ,Weak Flour ,Soft Flour)
一般超市都有售名字叫:Cake Flour, 放在Baking needs 货架上,在cake mix 旁边,有时候会是扁的方形盒子装的。价格比较贵。另外在中国超市可以买到台湾的低筋面粉,一包500g 大约1美金左右。
在英国:(Supreme sponge flour )
是自发低筋粉(含有泡打粉助发,与一般面粉不同)由精选的小麦制成。可以比一般的面粉吸收更多水分与糖,因此合适制作海棉等组织松软的蛋糕,morrisons 超市有售,每包1 kg 价格大约1.12 英镑左右。
在法国:(farine a gateaux)
以francine 牌子为例。farine a gateaux 的蛋白质含量每100g 是9.3 g ,应该是低筋面粉。
在德国:Nr。405
405 号面粉筋度较低,比较合适制作蛋糕用。
在日本:(薄力粉)
相对中筋粉,蛋白质的含量较低的面粉,大约含量是 每30g 面粉含有2 g 的蛋白质。如果包装上没有特别注明低筋面粉,可以查看营养成分表,通常可以判断该面粉的筋度高低,因为蛋白质含量低,所以生产的筋度也小,常用来制作口感柔软的蛋糕,饼干,花卷等。
如果找不到低筋面粉,可以用80%中筋面粉与20% 玉米淀粉(corn starch)混合来取代低筋面粉。
中筋面粉:All-purpose Flour , plain flour
在上海超市都有的卖的。
在美国:(all-purpose flour)
一般超市都有售,纸袋包装,约5 磅一袋,名字叫:All-purpose flour ,放在baling needs 货架上,很容易找到。常分为漂白(bleached ) 和未漂白(unbleached) 两种,差别在颜色上,
在日本:(中力粉)
蛋白质含量达约每30 g 面粉含有3 g 的蛋白质。最常用来做口感软硬适中的包子,烙饼等。同时也是用途最广泛的面粉。一般食谱若非特别标示,都是用中筋面粉。
玉米粉:Corn Starch,Corn Flour
在上海:(玉米淀粉)
在美国: 一般超市都有叫 Corn starch .放在baking needs 货架上,在面粉类产品旁边。
在日本: (コㄧンスタㄧチ)提炼自玉米的白色粉末状淀粉,常用来制作点心,或者烹饪时加水调成粉浆勾芡所用的。 加入中筋面粉可以降低低筋性,以代替低筋面粉使用。请注意:另有一种直接将干玉米粒磨成细颗粒的黄色玉米粉,英文叫:Corn meal 或者Corn Flour (美国),和这里所说的玉米淀粉不同,制作糕点的时候不能替换。
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